The rich clay and loam soils support abundant native grasses as well as wheat, grain sorghum, corn, cotton, and alfalfa. Elevations range from 2,600 to 3,100 feet above sea level, and the county's annual average rainfall is 20.48 inches. Temperatures range from an average minimum of 18° F in January to an average maximum of 93° F in July. The average growing season lasts 191 days.

Ochiltree County possesses a diversified economy centered around agriculture, oil, and gas. The agricultural sector earned $250 million in 2005, primarily through the production of cattle, hogs, wheat, sorghums, corn, and alfalfa. Irrigation, which began in the late 1940s and expanded in the 1960s and 1970s, is used on 30 percent of the county's croplands.

Cattle feedlot operations,large scale commercial swine feeding, agribusinesses, and oilfield services also add to the local economy.

BIBLIOGRAPHY: Wheatheart of the Plains: An Early History of Ochiltree County (Perryton, Texas: Ochiltree County Historical Survey Committee, 1969).